Generating Secure Random Numbers in R

The rand_bytes function binds to RAND_bytes in OpenSSL to generate cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes. See the OpenSSL documentation for what this means.

rnd <- rand_bytes(10)
print(rnd)
 [1] e4 84 5f 38 39 27 0b df 28 c1

Bytes are 8 bit and hence can have 2^8 = 256 possible values.

as.numeric(rnd)
 [1] 228 132  95  56  57  39  11 223  40 193

Each random byte can be decomposed into 8 random bits (booleans)

x <- rand_bytes(1)
as.logical(rawToBits(x))
[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE

Secure Random Numbers

rand_num is a simple (2 lines) wrapper to rand_bytes to generate random numbers (doubles) between 0 and 1.

rand_num(10)
 [1] 0.6769812584 0.4992101308 0.4324408104 0.1949215433 0.6133532091
 [6] 0.7912285456 0.0002060444 0.6254052011 0.4013935796 0.2828664413

To map random draws from [0,1] into a probability density, we can use a Cumulative Distribution Function. For example we can combine qnorm and rand_num to simulate rnorm:

# Secure rnorm
x <- qnorm(rand_num(1000), mean = 100, sd = 15)
hist(x)

Same for discrete distributions:

# Secure rbinom
y <- qbinom(rand_num(1000), size = 20, prob = 0.1)
hist(y, breaks = -.5:(max(y)+1))